Could something like this ever get built in the US?

[Six Corners]

The Mountain Station on the Palm Springs Aerial Tramway might fit what you're looking for. I can't recall if it hangs off Mt. San Jacinto quite as precariously as the European examples.

https://pstramway.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Mountain-Station-1200x800.jpg Photo provided by the Palm Springs Aerial Tramway

[Streamliner]

Originally Posted by Six Corners

The Mountain Station on the Palm Springs Aerial Tramway might fit what you're looking for. I can't recall if it hangs off Mt. San Jacinto quite as precariously as the European examples.

I'm surprised it took this long for someone to mention this. There's no great examples in the US, but it's the first thing I thought of. There's a significant cliff on one side, but it flattens out in the other direction. So not as "peaky". The elevation change is huge though.

The Sandia Peak Tramway outside Albuquerque, NM is the longest in the US. It also has a station next to a cliff at the top of a mountain, but the cliffs are just on one side.

To answer the original question, I don't see how anything like what they have on Zugspitze would be done in the US today. It's too precarious, and if proposed on the kinds of peaks that would be similar, the public outrage would be enormous: "ruining nature" "monument to man's ego", etc. etc. I think Zugspitze works because of its history.

[AaronPGH]

Not nearly as precarious, but The Summit Lodge at Snowbird in Utah is prob as close as it gets for the US. I can't really find great images though.