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Originally Posted by JManc
This isn't an 'urban versus rural' thing, New York State had some of the biggest cities in the country until the second half of the 20th century. There are still 2-3 metro areas will a million+ populations.
Albany was/is a good spot for both Upstate and Downstate; it's a two hour drive from Manhattan and within a few hours from anywhere else in the state. Plus again, unlike most states, the city handles a lot of the state's functions on behalf of the state. The governor even maintains an office in Midtown. There's no need for NYC to be the capital.
And as someone who grew up in non-NYC New York, the City has far too much pull as it is on the state government.
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The NYC - New York situation is similar (though on a much smaller scale) to the Philadelphia - Pennsylvania situation.
Both are so very unlike the rest of the state in which they reside. Not just from an urban development perspective, but also simply from a geographical location perspective. NYC and Philadelphia are nowhere near the rest of the state.
If the rest of the states were nothing but forests and farms, it wouldn't be much of an issue... but obviously that's not the case in older, highly-populated states that feature other important urban areas, like NY and PA do.
In the case of PA, Harrisburg is close to Philadelphia by design. Not a suburb of Philly, but also not too far away. Having the state government nearby in Harrisburg (and its proximity to NYC and DC) is largely what kept Philadelphia from declining signifcantly once mega industrial production and enormous wealth shifted to western PA and beyond in the decades leading up to and at the turn of the 19th-20th century.