[Busy Bee]

Well to be fair it is important to remember that both Penn, and yes to a less extent Grand Central but still so, were originally constructed and set up to serve a much higher percentage of longer distance train travel. They are legacy facilities. Obviously if you were building a 21st century facility that was primarily designed to be high frequency, high volume commuter based transit interchanges they would look quite a bit different. They're not the only global city stations that face this reality, its just that other alpha cities have built out ground-up rapid regional rail systems that do not terminate in but service legacy long distance stations with adjacent subterranean hubs as well as other centrally located primary hubs that shift commuter patterns i.e. Paris.