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Old Posted Nov 30, 2019, 3:23 AM
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Evaluating What Makes a U.S. Community Urban, Suburban or Rural

Evaluating What Makes a U.S. Community Urban, Suburban or Rural


Nov 22, 2019

By Ruth Igielnik Wieder

Read More: https://medium.com/pew-research-cent...l-159f9d082842

Quote:
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In order to explore a question like this, researchers first need to understand exactly what “community type” means, especially since there are different ways to assess whether an area is urban, suburban or rural. In this post, we’ll explore three measures of U.S. community type and compare them to a more subjective method of finding out: simply asking Americans what kind of community they live in.

- Using self-reported information has its own advantages, particularly in cases where the delineation between different community types — such as urban and suburban ones — may not be clear. --- While doing background research for this study, we wanted to know if there were any objective measures — like government classifications, the density of where people live or their distance from a city center — that could help us move beyond self-reported community type. We ended up selecting three outside measures — two from the U.S. government and one based on ZIP code characteristics — and compared them to our survey data. Below, we’ll explore how each of these measures stacked up against our survey respondents’ own assessments.

Urban: Americans living in ZIP codes that are 12 miles or less from the center of the nearest city and have a household density of more than 1,314 households per square mile.

Suburban: Americans living in ZIP codes that are 12 miles or less from the center of the nearest city and have a household density of 1,314 households or fewer per square mile. This group also includes people who live in ZIP codes that are more than 12 miles from the center of the city and have a household density of more than 106 households per square mile.

Rural: Americans living in ZIP codes that are more than 12 miles from the center of the nearest city and have a household density of 106 households or fewer per square mile.

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Nearly half (45%) of people who live in an NCHS-designated large central metro area also said in our survey that they live in an urban area.






When we collapsed the six-category NCHS scheme into urban, suburban and rural, the measure performed particularly well with rural areas.






Similar to the NCHS, this government measure generally mapped nicely onto self-reported community type. Overall, eight-in-ten respondents who were classified as living in a non-metro area with a population of less than 2,500 said in our survey that they live in a rural area.






Here, again, we collapsed the six Rural-Urban Continuum Codes into urban, suburban and rural to compare with self-reported community type. Similar to the NCHS measure, the RUCC codes classified rural Americans with a high degree of accuracy.











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