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Originally Posted by 10023
None of these concepts that you mention are at all unique to America or American culture. The English had enshrined principles of individual rights (including property rights) since the signing of the Magna Carta in the early 13th century, and by the time the first American colonies were established had a parliament which shared power with the monarch. Shortly thereafter, they even had a Bill of Rights: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_of_Rights_1689
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I never said they were "unique" to America, I said that America was the only place that they could take hold in earnest. Also, your understanding of history is weak if you think the Magna Carta was actually the kind of earth shaking document the constitution was immediately upon signing. In fact, the Magna Carta immediately failed (it was part of a peace treaty between the king and rebel nobles) and resulted in a war. It wasn't until around 1600 that the document truly began to be assigned major ideological significance beyond "this is an agreement between the king and barons". Scholars looking at some of the very same ideals that eventually became the enlightenment wanted to support their case that there had been an ancient set of fundamental rights guaranteed to all Englishmen began portraying the document as more of an ideological revolution.
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Beyond this, American political culture is almost entirely rooted in the intellectual tradition of the Enlightenment, and particularly the French Enlightenment. Where the new United States differed was in its lack of an entrenched power structure that was resisting change, but none of these ideas really originated in the American colonies.
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The bolded is hilarious. The defining feature of the Enlightenment was the questioning of orthodoxies. Referring to the Enlightenment as having an "intellectual
tradition" is just silly. I don't disagree that much of the Enlightenment was centered in Europe, but it wasn't only there. Americans were discussing the same ideas at the time and were very much an integral part of what was really one of the first truly global intellectual movements. To somehow try to disentangle people like Ben Franklin (who was essentially globally famous and a "rockstar" of his day) from the Enlightenment is just silly.
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The "Pilgrims", despite being oddly venerated in American lore, are actually a complete outlier. They were a group of intolerant religious fundamentalists who were more or less kicked out of England, but didn't want to mix with the Dutch in the Netherlands. They founded only one of the many English colonies in America (and not even the first), and had a minor influence on American culture by the time of independence from England. The term "Pilgrims" wasn't even in use at the time, this was part of later myth-making by a new nation.
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First of all, your use of the word "Pilgrims" is revealing of your limited knowledge of this topic. At the time of the American revolution there were over 3,000 different religious groups in America. Yes the "pilgrims" meaning the puritans who landed at Plymouth Rock were seeking religious liberty to some degree, but nearly all the original colonies excluding Virginia were founded by groups seeking that liberty. Was that the only thing that drew people here? No, but it is a recurring theme. Examples: Roger Williams (a Englishman who thought the Church of England to be iredeemibly corrupt, certainly he wasn't searching for liberty
) literally was chased out of Boston for pushing for the freedom to worship as he saw fit and founded Providence RI. Rhode Island was founded on the very notion that "forced worship stinks in God's nostrils."
Then there was this guy called William Penn (haven't heard that name before in the context of American place names or anything). He was a Quaker. Quakers were being killed by the hundreds and jailed by the thousands in England for daring to say that
individuals each harbor the holy spirit within them and that holiness is not meted out by some centralized religious "bank of Jesus" like the Church of England or Catholic Church. Anyhow, he fled to Rhode Island (seeking religious freedom since he didn't want to be killed or jailed) and the king owed his pops some money so he got the charter to the colony of what is now called Pennsylvania. No search for religious freedom here though, it's not like states are named after people who literally came here looking for that or anything...
Then there was George Calvert who founded Maryland as a refuge for Catholics who were persecuted in England. He was motivated by "the sacred duty of finding a refuge for his Roman Catholic brethren". Eventually Maryland was overrun by the Church of England, but it's origins were as a Catholic refuge.
And I could go on and on about this. Wave after wave of immigrants came to this continent seeking a place where they could do whatever they want and be left alone. That created fertile ground for the ideas of the enlightenment to translate into actual action. After the revolution, religious freedom continued to be a draw and still is to this day.
So I know the whole "explain in 10 pages why American ideals are actually a myth" is a super popular liberal arts college paper topic, but the facts don't lie. Your view of history is very shallow if you think the "pilgrims" are the only group that came here seeking those rights.
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No one else at the time "fled Europe" for "religious freedom". Other colonial immigrants were English aristocrats who wanted large estates where land was available and cheap, along with their English indentured servants (in exchange for passage), and of course a large number of African slaves. The Irish came because of the Potato Famine. The Italians (at least the surge in the late 19th century) came because of poverty in the south of Italy following unification. The big waves of German immigration in the 19th century were due to political upheaval (particularly after 1848), but this had literally nothing to do with "culture", "habits" or "not fitting in".
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I already thoroughly trashed the notion that "no one else" came for religious freedom, but let's further destroy your silly claims. What the hell do you think caused the Potato Famine? Was it too much freedom in Ireland? What a joke, the Potato Famine was the culmination of a systematic genocide of Irish Catholics by the English protestants.
And you of course are focusing too much on religion and not the various other freedoms offered by North America that just weren't a thing in Europe. European culture had no traditions of individualism, freedom, liberties, etc. That's the fact. You act as if it is totally normal for entire groups of people to be driven out of a place for political reasons, well it is (was?) in Europe. The Germans and other groups who fled for political reasons literally "didn't fit in". What the hell else are you going to call that? "Oh they just had a friendly disagreement and decided to flee halfway around the world"? No, political freedom was not a thing in Europe. Just look at the French Revolution, even in their moment of Enlightenment inspired action, it digressed into systematic slaughter back and forth between groups over political ideas until Napoleon came in and instituted military rule. The worst political violence in the American Revolution amounted to dumping tea in harbors and tar and feathering loyalists. There was no "take them all to the guillotine". That is a radically different environment no matter who you ask. Was it because every American is an idealist? No, it was mainly because this continent has more space and resources so mass violence is less likely to break out. But I'm not arguing that America is different because they are all super awesome idealist savants, I'm arguing that a completely different culture arose here which embraces and enshrines certain ideals.
Sure most Americans were originally of European ancestory, but that doesn't mean they kept the same traditions for more than a generation or two after arriving here. The North American continent was a blank slate culturally and something very different arose here. To deny that is honestly just silly. I don't have a better word for it than that. It's silly.