Example Number Five (Phoenix)
Part A
The light (finally) went on in the 1980's that the growing metro area needed additional freeways and additional (road) capacity. In 1984 voters passed a 20-year, half-cent sales tax that went to MAG or Maricopa Assoc. of Gov'ts which includes the whole metro area.
In effect, DRCOG and MAG are sisters. Only about 17% of the funding was reserved for transit IIRC.
Fast forward to 2004 and with completing and under construction freeways, voters easily passed a 20-year extension of the tax. The new version allocated 32% to transit and resulted in the first urban 20-mile light rail train line (which is now being expanded on both ends). Prop 400 is expected to distribute about $25 Billion for transportation.
The takeaway
While there's many ways to skin a cat having a 20-year funding mechanism sure makes planning and executing projects more efficient.
Part B
In August of 2015, the City of Phoenix voters passed Prop 104 (MovePHX) which approved a 35-year seven-tenths sales tax for transportation. Four-tenths was already being collected but was set to sunset in 2020. The tax is expected to generate over $17 Billion for a spending/investment total of over $31 Billion. (PHX is a big city)
For perhaps a majority, the biggest appeal was a "fix the potholes" approach or good old fashioned maintenance and repairs. Yes, this sells well. For transit fans the intent is to add (at least) 42 miles of light rail and includes a lot of transit expansion and enhancement. As typical there's also bike lanes/trails as well as some green streets improvements.
When you add the City of Phoenix total of $31 billion to MAG's $25 billion we start to get into some serious transportation dollars. Assuming the MAG tax is again extended you're adding in another $35(?) billion to the metro pot within the same time frame. BTW, I believe the MAG numbers are unlevered meaning total investment with matching Federal funds etc. could be much much higher.
Note: this has nothing to do with how money should be spent. Each city/metro needs to decide for themselves what is best.
I believe that puts a wrap on my prep.